上层海流对台风的反应.ppt

Upper Ocean Response to a hurricane (James F.Price 1981);Contents;1. Introduction;2. Review of observations;Fig 2 SST around the track of hurricane Tess Temperature section AB made across the track of Tess;1)EB-10/Eloise Fig 4 Meteorological measurements form EB-10 during the passage of hurricane Eloise ;Fig 5. Ocean temperature from EB-10 during and after the passage of Hurricane Eloise;2)EB-04/Eloise Fig 6. Air-sea measurement (upper/lower panels) from EB-04 during the passage of Eloise;3. A model of the upper ocean response a. Scales and physical approximations Fig 8.Schematic plan view of the numerical model;Physical approximations are as follows: 1)The Coriolis parameter f is constant, pressure is hydrostatic, the Boussinesp approximation and diffusive processes are excluded 2)Density : Where α=-3.3*10-4 and β=7.6*10-4 are the appropriate thermal and haline expansion coefficients and ρ0=1.0235*103 kg m-3 is the reference density 3)The sea surface is treated as a rigid lid (excludes the barotropic mode). 4)The subthermocline ocean is taken as infinity deep and unable to sustain a pressure gradient。 5）The temperature and salinity in layer 2 are assumed to have depth dependence。The velocity within layer 2 is assumed constant. The initial thickness of layer is chosen so that after the hurricane passage, h2≈h1 6)Vertical density gradients in layer 2 and 3 are held constant since the stretching is small;b. Budgets Layer thickness : ;Heat and salt balance in the ML : ;The pressure gradients: ;C. Turbulent-flux parameterizations Sensible heat flux Latent heat flux ;C. Turbulent-flux parameterizations ;Fig 9 Schematic plan view of the numerical model;The time step △t = △x/mUH ,Where m is the smallest Integer that gives △t ≤2*103s The ocean is moved down the grid one row after every m steps and the first row of the grid points is updated with the ocean initial condition. Space derivative are estimated with a second-order centered Form, and time-step