FDS软件.doc

中国石油大学（华东）毕业设计（论文） 基于FDS和CFAST的海洋平台火灾危险性分析 学生姓名：赵全来 学 号专业班级：安全工程05-2 指导教师：徐长航 2009年6月17日 摘 要 随着陆地能源的日益减少，人类对海洋的开发越来越多，海洋平台已成为重要的近海建筑物。海洋平台所处的海洋环境十分复杂恶劣，在这种情况下，由于操作不当、管理不当等人为因素造成的火灾爆炸等严重影响着海洋石油平台的安全性。重大灾难事故不仅造成人员伤亡和经济损失，而且对近海周边环境和海洋生态造成严重的污染和破坏。 近年来，国际国内海洋平台经常发生火灾爆炸事故，已经严重影响了平台上工人的生命财产安全。因此，本文着重介绍了海洋平台火灾的特点以及火灾风险辨识，重点是利用火灾场模拟软件FDS（Fire Dynamics Simulator）和区域模拟软件CFAST（Consolidated Fire Growth and Smoke Transport）来对海洋平台的火灾风险进行评估。应用FDS分别计算模拟平台生活区内部火灾和管道区火灾情况，得到相应区域的温度以及烟气的扩散状况。将FDS与CFAST结合来模拟生活区内部发生火灾后的烟气在房间内的扩散状况。针对模拟结果判定平台设计是否符合要求，疏散通道设计是否合理。最后，对南海4号海洋平台进行了实例的分析。 关键词：海洋平台，FDS，CFAST，火灾风险 ABSTRACT With the reduction of the land resources, more and more people are working on the platform and the platform has become an important building on the sea. The marine environment is very complicated and harsh. In this case, fire and explosion caused by human factors such as wrong operation and poor management must have a direct impact on offshore oil platform security. These disasters lead to not only casualties and property loss, but also the environmental disruption of the offshore and marine ecosystems. For the past few years, international and domestic offshore platforms often had fire and explosion accidents and it has been seriously influenced people’s lives on platforms. Therefore, this dissertation puts emphasis on the characteristic of platform fire and fire risk identification. While the most important is using the fire field simulation software FDS and regional modeling software CFAST to evaluate the risk of platform fire. Using FDS to simulate the fire of utility area and pipe line area to obtain the condition of temperature and the movement of the smoke. After that, combined FDS with CFAST, I simulate to get the result of the smoke diffusion in the rooms after the fire is happened. According to the simulation can we optimise the platform design proposal and formulate the best escape route. Finally, I use the “NH4” platform as a