骨折概论outline of fracture.pptVIP

The definition of fracture Classification of fractureCause of fracture The fragment displacement of fracture  Definition ： The break off of bone integrality or continuity － fracture cause： direct trauma indirect trauma accumulated force－fatigue fracture the bone preexisting disease － Pathologic fractures A pathologic fracture is one in which a bone is broken through an area weakened by preexisting disease, by a degree of stress that would have left a normal bone intact. The classification of fracture (一)、According to the skin or mucosa whether is intact 根据骨折处皮肤粘膜的完整性分类 closed fracture open fracture communicated with bladder、rectum --sacrum 、coccyx (二) The classification according to the extent or morphologic characteristic of fractures  1.incomplete fracture  ⑴fissure fracture  ⑵Greenstick fracture2.complete fracture ⑴Transverse ⑵ Oblique⑶Spiral ⑷ Comminuted ⑸Impacted ⑹ Compression ⑺separation of epiphysis(epiphysiolysis) (8)Depressed  The classification according to the stability after reduction of fracture Stable fracture： It is not easy to take place displacement after reduction. Such as Transverse Impacted Unstable fracture ： It is easy to take place displacement after reduction. Such as Comminuted Oblique The displacement of bone fragment Trauma effect The weight of distal part of limb The muscle contract The mistake during transportation and pretreatment The types of displacement： １、angulation ２、 separation ３、shortening ４、lateral displacement ５、rotation in most cases the deformity is the combination of several displacement Section 2：  Clinical manifestation and radiographic examination  １、shock in the cases of severe fracture due to bleeding、internal organ trauma、severe pain 、intensive stress reaction (二) local manifestation ： 1. common features of fracture pain、swelling 、loss of function 2. special feasures of fracture １、