从清华简《程寤》看占梦对周人重要性.doc

从清华简《程寤》看占梦对周人重要性 　　作者简介：孙乌兰（1989.6-），女，蒙古族，黑龙江省哈尔滨市。 摘要：占梦在古代是一件很重要的事。在已知的文献记载中，最早占梦始于殷商时代。《逸周书清华简《程寤》篇的发现，不仅是对传世文献《逸周书“受命”这一问题有很大帮助，让我们从另一个侧面了解周人的政治策略和文化思想，对于证明占梦对周人的重要性具有重要的作用。 关键词：清华简《程寤》；占梦；周文王 Abstract：Oneiromancy is a very important thing in ancient times.In the known ancient books，the earliest oneiromancy began in the Shang dynasty.“Yizhoushu Cheng Wu”also recorded the King Wen of Zhous oneiromancy.“Legend of Spring and Autumn Century by Zuo Qiuming”also have records that the oneiromancy impact events of political ande military affairs.Han Wang Fu’s“QianfuLun dreams”discusses the type of dreams and the method that how to make dreams come true.The Southern Song Dynasty of Hong Mai“Miscellaneous notes from the tolerant studio”have an article called“the ancient oneiromancy”，this article discussed the ancient records of oneiromancy.Zhou dynasty inherited the tradition of oneiromancy in Shang dynasty，this is a very important thing，but the ancient documents dont have much records on this account，in the known literature inherited from ancient times，only a few notes have written about the oneiromancy in Zhou dynasty.The foundation of“Tsinghua Jane Cheng Wu”is not only to prove the authenticity of the ancient documents――“Yi Zhou Shu Cheng Wu”，but also have a great help in the study of King Wen of Zhous“Gods will”，and let us understand the Zhou people political strategy and cultural ideology from another side，it is important to prove the importance of oneiromancy in Zhou people. Keywords：“Tsinghua Jane”；Oneiromancy；King Wen of Zhou 根据现有的实物材料甲骨卜辞证明，占梦始于殷商时期，殷人凡遇恶梦，都要对作崇的鬼魂进行祭祀，请求恶梦不要再降临。实际上，这便是最早的攘除恶梦之术。P45[1]在传世文献中，我们可以看到“占梦”一事在先秦时期很受重视。在《周礼?春官?占梦》中就明确了占梦官的职责及梦的种类“掌其岁时观天地之会，辨阴阳之气，以日月星辰占六梦之吉凶。”P227[1]最新出土的周公庙甲骨中也有两片卜辞均称“日庸梦庙”，应是占梦之词，且文献中也有很多关于周人占梦的说法，如《逸周书》中的《程寤》、《寤敬解》等。 《清华大学藏战国竹简（壹）》自发布以来已经得到广泛的关注。其中《程寤》一篇的发现，不仅弥补了传世文献中《程寤》的缺失，让我们看到原文的全貌，同时也能看到占梦这一习俗在周代影响很深，对于周人的影响也是很大的。 本文拟从清华简《程寤》篇进行分析，探讨占梦这一习俗对于周人的影响。 一、占梦的源流 根据文献记载，占梦从三皇五帝时代就开始了。①在可以考证的