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Introduction to Routing Introduction to Routing Protocols Introduction Link State Protocols OSPF (IS-IS) Distance Vector EIGRP Path Vector BGP Routing and Forwarding RIB FIB Introduction What’s the goal of a router? Interconnect networks for the purpose of sharing information Packet delivery—why connect if there’s nothing to share? Provide dynamic scalability, resiliency, stability, and speed What does this goal necessitate? Information about network reachability A mechanism to forward traffic toward a destination Dynamically adjust to new information, quickly, and safely Introduction Routing Protocols Communicate reachability information Provide network resiliency, fault tolerance Create the Routing Table (RIB) Provide Input into the Forwarding process Forwarding Does the work of moving the traffic one hop closer to the destination Directly correlate to the routers view of network reachability Builds the Forwarding Table (FIB) We’ll follow the logical flow of how a network behaves First understand the protocols and how they share information Then understand how the Forwarding mechanism operates as a result Now for the Routing Protocols… OSPF History Development began 1987 by IETF OSPFv2 established in 1991 with RFC 1247 by John Moy Goal—a link state protocol more efficient and scalable than RIP Latest Revision is RFC 2328 April 1998 OSPFv3 for IPv6 OSPF Functions and Definitions The high-level function of OSPF is Discover neighbors and form adjacencies Flood Link State database (LSDB) information Compute the shortest path Install routes in route forwarding table Definitions 1. Router ID 2. Neighboring Router 3. Adjacency 4. LSA 5. Hello Protocol 6. Designated Router (DR) OSPF Topics Flooding Link States Neighbor Formation External Routing Information OSPF Metrics (The Best Path) Internals Externals Flooding Domain Borders Stub Areas Aggregation Filtering Non-Broadcast Multi-access links Flooding Link States In link state protocols, each router adverti