智能建筑火灾自动报警系统的研究与应用-毕业论文.docxVIP

智能建筑火灾自动报警系统的研究与应用Research and Application of Intelligent Construction Fire Auto-alarm System 摘 要智能建筑火灾自动报警系统是为了实现火灾确认和报警，防止和减少火灾发生的一种集信息技术、计算机技术和自动控制技术寓一体的智能型、网络化火警显示和安全疏散指示系统。在国内外重要建筑和公共场所已经成为必不可少的消防安全设施。本文从分析智能建筑火灾自动报警系统的构成原理出发，通过几种火灾信息识别方法的研究，特别是图像型的火灾信息识别进行重点剖析。同时研究基于BP（ Back Propagation）神经网络算法实现图像型火灾探测的方法。本论文对火灾信息识别的几种方法：诸如通信数据识别方法；图像识别方法一一做了研究，重点研究了图像型火灾信息识别方法。在此研究的基础上，针对上述几种火灾信息识别的不足，设计了火灾图像噪声消除、背景差分法等算法在图像处理中的应用，通过仿真，验证了算法的可行性。提出了火焰具有面积、边缘变化以及形体变化等信息特征的观点，通过相应的检测，进行了火焰识别实验，达到了较好的结果。考虑到火灾发生的双重性，即随机性与确定性，同时又由于智能建筑火灾自动报警系统检测火灾的一项重要任务就是将不确定的一面转化成比较准确的一面。因此，本文利用BP神经网络算法能进行数值化的和非数学模型的函数估计的优点，将BP神经网络算法引入到图像型的火灾探测中，给出了神经网络的具体结构和输入输出单元的设计方案。本文对一系列的火灾样本图像和干扰图像进行了实验。实验结果表明，基于BP神经网络的火灾探测算法能更有效地减少火灾的误报警率，提高火灾报警的准确率。关键词：智能建筑，火灾报警，火焰图像，神经网络 ABSTRACTThe intelligent building automatic fire alarm system is an intelligent system with colicky network fire-alarm demonstration and safe evacuation. This system combines Information Technology, Computer Technology with Auto-control Technology. This system aims to realize the fire confirmation and the warning prevention and fire occurrence reduction. It’s become a necessary installation of fire protection in important buildings and public places at home and abroad. This thesis fixes on the research as follows: Firstly, it studies the methods of fire information recognition, and its key research on the image fire information recognition methods; Secondly, research is made on the image-centered fire detection methods based on BP (Back Propagation) neural network algorithm. This thesis conducts researches on the methods of fire information recognition, and mainly studies the methods of the image fire information recognition methods. It puts forward a series of fire image processing methods such as filtering the noise, difference image and so on. The feasibility of the method is proved by the result of simulation. Based on the flame of the information feature of area, edge and shape change, this thesis studies the corresponding detectio