改进型Smith预估补偿控制在火电厂过热器中的应用.docx

摘　要现代锅炉的过热器是在高温、高压条件下工作的，锅炉出口的过热蒸汽温度对电厂安全经济运行具有重大的影响。造成过热器出口温度变化的主要原因有：蒸汽扰动、过热器和吸热量扰动、过热器入口汽温扰动。在各种扰动作用下, 过热汽温动态特性具有大延迟、大惯性、时变性和非线性的特点, 从而加大了汽温控制的难度。火电厂采用的常规过热汽温控制系统基于传统的PID 控制, 很难在鲁棒性和控制品质之间取得良好的效果。简单的控制理论无法保证过热汽温的稳定和平衡，运用Smith预估补偿控制系统体现出很好的性能。该控制可以解决因为较大的纯延迟、相位滞后现象的存在而引起的系统的超调量增大，调节时间加长，进而降低整个控制系统的稳定性的问题。Smith控制系统对模型的精度有很大的依赖程度，但其对控制对象参数变化过于敏感，不能获得很好的控制效果。改进型Smith补偿控制系统克服了这个缺点，而且对纯延迟有很好的控制作用。仿真结果明：Smith预估器可以克服超调大、响应速度慢的缺点，但在扰动下，Smith预估器对模型误差非常敏感，并且控制作用随着模型误差的变大，变得越来越弱，难于在过程控制中广泛应用。而改进型Smith预估器克服了模型误差敏感的问题，控制作用明显，具有很强的鲁棒性。关键词：纯延迟；过热器；Smith预估器AbstractHeated steamboiler temperaturehave a significant impactonpower plantsafety and economic operation. The superheater outlettemperatureofthe main reasonsare: steamdisturbance, superheaterandheat absorptiondisturbance, superheaterinlettemperaturedisturbances. In avarietyofperturbations, thesuperheatedsteamtemperature anddynamic characteristicsoflargedelay,large inertia, time-varyingand nonlinearcharacteristics, thereby increasing the steam temperature controlmore difficult. Conventional thermal power plantsusingsuperheated steam temperatureminusthetemperaturecontrolsystemisbasedonthetraditional PID control, it is difficulttoachieve good resultsintherobustness andquality.Simple controltheorycan not guarantee thatthesuperheated steam temperaturestability and balance, the use of theSmithpredictor compensationcontrol systemcanreflecta good advantage. The control can solvethelargerpure Modern boilersuperheaterin high temperature,high pressure, pure delay, theexistence of the phenomenonofphase lagcaused bytheovershootofthesystemincreases,theadjustmentlonger,thereby reducingthestabilityofthe whole control system.Smith control systemagreatdealofrelianceonthe accuracyofthemodel, but its effect onthecontrol objectparameterschangesistoo sensitiveandcan not getgood control effect. Improved Smithcompensationcontrol systemto overcomethis shortcoming,a very good controlanda pure delay.Simulation results show that: Smith predictor can over