弹性力学平面问题基本理论.pptVIP

* * Every elastic body is spatial and, in general, every external force system is spatial. Hence, strictly speaking, any elasticity problem is a spatial problem. For its solution, we have to consider all the components of stress, strain and displacement. However, if the body has a particular shape and the external forces are distributed in a particular manner, we may consider the spatial problem as a plane one and neglect some of the components. This will greatly simplify the mathematical aspect of solution while the results may still be applied in engineering design with sufficient accuracy. 2 Theory of Plane Problems 2—1 Plane Stress and Plane Strain 2—2 Differential Equations of Equilibrium 2—3 Geometrical Equations. Rigid-body Displacement 2—4 Physical Equations 2—5 Stress at a Point 2—6 Boundary Conditions. Saint-Venant’s Principle 2—7 Solution of Plane Problem in Terms of Displacements 2—8 Solution of Plane Problem in Terms of Stresses 2—9 Case of Constant Body Forces. Stress Function 第二章 平面问题的基本理论 2—1 平面应力问题与平面应变问题 2—2 平衡微分方程 2—3 几何方程 刚体位移 2—4 物理方程 2—5 平面问题中一点的应力状态 2—6 边界条件 圣维南原理 2—7 按位移求解平面问题 2—8 按应力求解平面问题 相容方程 2—9 常体力情况下的简化 应力函数 2—1 Plane Stress and Plane Strain 空间问题 平面问题 转 化 平面应力问题 平面应变问题 Spatial problem Plane problem Plane stress problem Plane strain problem 转化条件： 构件的形状 荷载性质 Particular shape Particular forces 一、平面应力问题 Plane Stress 1、构件的形状： 薄板：t??其它两个方向的尺寸 x y o z o y t Thin Plate of uniform thickness t 2、荷载的性质： 面力：沿板边，平行于板面，沿厚度不变 体力：平行于板面，沿厚度均布 x y o z o y t All the forces being parallel to the faces of the plate and distributed uniformly over the thickness 板面不受力，即：?z?z=+t/2=0 结论： ?zx?z=+t/2=0 ?zy?z=+t/2=0 因为板很薄，荷载不沿厚度变化，应力是连续分布的，所以可以认为，在整个薄板： ?z=0 ?zx=0 ?zy=0 平面应力问题有那些应变分量和位移分量？ 薄板的应力为：?x ?y ?xy 且与z无关，为x、y的函数, 称为平面应力问题 The remaining stress components ?x ，?y，?xy，may be considered to be functions of x、y only，such a problem is called a plane stress problem. 二、平面应变问题 Plane Strian 1、构件的形状：