英美文学史论总结.docVIP

Chapter I The Renaissance Period（14th- mid-17th C） (a).Renaissance refers to the period of transition from the medieval to the modern world. It was sparked off by a combination of historical factors. (b) Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. The new humanistic learning that resulted from the rediscovery of classical literature is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side. (c) The great 16th-century religious revolution in Europe resulted in the establishment of the Protestant churches. (d) The continuing development of trade, the growth of the middle class, the education of trade, the growth of the middle class, the education for lay people, the centralization of power and of much intellectual life in the court, and the widening horizons of exploration gave a new impetus推动,促进and direction to literature. (1) 文艺复兴是从中世纪向近代过渡时期发生的欧洲许多国家的一场思想文化运动。 它是一些历史因素的合力作用下引发的， 如对希腊的罗马古典文化的重新发现，宗教改革运动，地理和自然科学领域的探索，以及资本主义经济的扩张等。 (2)人文主义是文艺复兴的主要特征，它颂扬人性，强调以“人”为本，宣传人性解放，反对神秘主义的中古神权，反对野蛮和兽性。 (3)16世纪的宗教改革导致了新教的创立。英格兰同罗马教皇的决裂最初源于国王亨利八世决定与其第一位妻子离婚但遭到教皇否决。宗教教义的改革则发生在后来的爱德华六世和女王伊丽莎白一世统治期间。 (4)工商业持续发展，中产阶级逐渐壮大，非神职人员获得受教育的机会，王权巩固，宫廷成为文化生活的中心，以及海外扩张和科学探索日益拓展人们的视野，所有这些都为文学提供了新的推动力和发展方向。威廉卡克斯顿首次将印刷术介绍到英国，使那里的出版迅速增加，随之而来的是印刷书籍的繁荣。 (1).Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. (2).Humanism focused on the importance of human being, and human value was also reflecting in the humanism. (3).The best representative writers and thinkers of humanism were Shakespeare, Marlow and Bacon in the Renaissance period. (4).humanism can be traced back to 追溯Ancient times and Chaucer foreshowed预示the sprite of humanism.（1是书上的。剩下都是戴尔） What is the process of the English Renaissance literature? How did the English literature develop in the Renaissance Period? How do we group the English Renaissance literature? Chapter II The Neoclassical Period （1660-1798） 问：What is the belief of the neoclassicists about literature? According to the neoclassicists, all forms of