关于红黑树(Red-Black Tree)英文简介.docVIP

Red-Black Tree Red-black Tree Type Tree Invented 1972 Invented by Rudolf Bayer Time complexityin big O notation Average Worst case Space O(n) O(n) Search O(log n) O(log n) Insert O(log n) O(log n) Delete O(log n) O(log n) A red-black tree is a type of self-balancing binary search tree, a data structure used in computing science, typically used to implement associative arrays. The original structure was invented in 1972 by Rudolf Bayer who called them symmetric binary B-trees, but acquired its modern name in a paper in 1978 by Leonidas J. Guibas and Robert Sedgewick. It is complex, but has good worst-case running time for its operations and is efficient in practice: it can search, insert, and delete in O(log n) time, where n is total number of elements in the tree. Put very simply, a red-black tree is a binary search tree which inserts and removes intelligently, to ensure the tree is reasonably balanced. Terminology A red-black tree is a special type of binary tree, used in computer science to organize pieces of comparable data, such as text fragments or numbers. The leaf nodes of red-black trees do not contain data. These leaves need not be explicit in computer memory — a null child pointer can encode the fact that this child is a leaf — but it simplifies some algorithms for operating on red-black trees if the leaves really are explicit nodes. To save memory, sometimes a single sentinel node performs the role of all leaf nodes; all references from internal nodes to leaf nodes then point to the sentinel node. Red-black trees, like all binary search trees, allow efficient in-order traversal in the fashion, Left-Root-Right, of their elements. The search-time results from the traversal from root to leaf, and therefore a balanced tree, having the least possible tree height, results in O(log n) search time. Properties An example of a red-black tree A red-black tree is a binary search tree where each node has a color attribute, the value of which is either red