雅思阅读真题题源-人文1.7 History of Motion Pictures.docxVIP

History of Motion Pictures 电影的历史The technology that mode possible the projection and exhibition oF photographed moving images is just 100 i^eors old. In 1895 in Europe ond North Rmerico the moment ujqs ripe hr o diverse group of engineers, scientists, eccentrics ond inventors to nearly simultoneousl^ create comeros ond projectors capable of photographing ond displacing motion pictures.众所周知，电影是一种实惠的、社交的、文化的大众娱乐方式。然而这种对投影娱乐的爱好并不仅仅为西方国家独有。比如说，木偶剧和皮影戏在很多国家包括土耳其、爪哇、印度和中国的传统文化里都很常见。Vet this invention—the technology itself—is not equivalent: to The Movies. ?? Cinemo qs uu0 know it is on economicolli^, sociollg ond culturally defined moss entertoinmenL An interest in projected entsrtoinmcnts uuqs not solelg o UUcstGrn one. For example, (puppet) shodouu theater is common to many traditions including Turkeg, Jqvq, India and China.The bschnologiccil roots of moving pictures con be traced to the camero obscura aroomsize pinhole comcro uuhich projects an upside-douun vi?uj of an exterior scene on on opposite interior uuoll. The principles of this d0Vic0 山0「0 first recorded in the 11 th century in Gg^pt bg lb nal Hoitom. The magic lantern~essentiQllg q slide projector~ujqs in us0 in Gurope os 0。叫 os 1646. Bg the 1790sQi0nn0 Gaspard Robertson shocked and confounded Parisian audiencGs mith his Fantosmogorie. H0 used magic lonterns to (rear) project images of the dead onto srnohG in the darkened chopel of an abandoned monasterv.电影技术的起源可以追溯到暗箱-- 一个房间大小的无透镜摄影机，它可以将外在倒置的景色的图像投射到对面的内墙上。这种装置的原理首先是在11世纪的埃及由伊本?海萨姆记录下来。神奇的提灯一~■实际上是一个幻灯片放映机--早在1646年就在欧洲得到使用。到了18世纪90年代，艾蒂安?加斯帕尔?罗伯逊凭《幻影集》震撼和困扰了巴黎的观众。他在一个废旧的修道院阴暗的礼拜堂里使用幻灯机向观众呈现了吸烟致死的影像。The principles of photography ujere UU0II established by Ni0pc0 and Daguerre the 1830 s. Rnd the 19th century gave rise to q seenninglv endless stream of Greek ond Latin named inventions designed to simulate the Qppearanc? of motion in a series of still droujings ond eventuQlli^ photographs. This illusion oP motion from a scries of still imoges uuos originollg co