曼德拉总统生平英语简介.doc

曼德拉总统生平英语简介 纳尔逊·罗利赫拉赫拉·曼德拉（Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela）1918年7月18日出生于南非特兰斯凯，先后获南非大学文学士和威特沃特斯兰德大学律师资格。曾任非国大青年联盟全国书记、主席。于1994年至1999年间任南非总统，是首位黑人总统，被尊称为南非国父。 在任职总统前，曼德拉是积极的反种族隔离人士，同时也是非洲国民大会的武装组织民族之矛的领袖。当他领导反种族隔离运动时，南非法院以密谋推翻政府等罪名将他定罪。依据判决，曼德拉在牢中服刑了27年。1990年出狱后，转而支持调解与协商，并在推动多元族群民主的过渡期挺身领导南非。自种族隔离制度终结以来，曼德拉受到了来自各界的赞许，包括从前的反对者。 曼德拉在40年来获得了超过一百项奖项，其中最显著的便是1993年的诺贝尔和平奖。2004年，其被选为最伟大的南非人。 2013年12月6日（南非时间5日），曼德拉在约翰内斯堡住所去世，享年95岁。南非为曼德拉举行国葬，全国降半旗。 　Nelson Mandela was born in Transkei,(特兰斯凯 ) South Africa on July 18, 1918. His father was a Chief (酋长)of a tribe． Mandela has strong character even from he was a child and he advocates national hero vuey much．As the oldest son in his family, Mandela was appointed as the successor of the tribe,but he refused that ．He said he would never adominate a tribe,which was under oppressed,with a cheif identify．He wanted to throw himself into the career of the national liberation．　　He joined the African National Congress （非洲人国民大会 简称ANC）in 1944 and was engaged in resistance against the ruling National Party‘s apartheid policies （种族隔离政策）after 1948.　　Mandela himself was educated at University College of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand（威特沃特斯兰德大学）and qualified in law in 1942.　　After the banning of the ANC in 1960,Mandela argued for the setting up of a military wing within the ANC．In June 1961,he became the commander(总司令) of the military organization．Because of his political activity,he went on trial for treason（叛国罪） in 1956-1961 ．In 1962 ,mandela was arrested and sentenced to five yearsimprisonment with hard labour． In 1963, when many fellow leaders of the ANC and the military organization were arrested, Mandela was brought to stand trial with them for plotting（密谋） to overthrow the government by violence. His statement from the dock (被告席)received considerable international publicity.　　On June 12 ,1964,mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment(终身监禁) .From 1964 to 1982,he was incarcerated(关押) at Robben Island prison,off cape Town;t