nginx正则表达式和rewrite用法.docxVIP

一、首先介绍下Nginx的rewrite基本规则：1.正则表达式的匹配：~： 区分大小写匹配~*： 不区分大小写匹配!~ ： 区分大小写写不匹配!~*：不区分大小写不匹配2.文件和目录的匹配：-f 和!-f用来判断是否存在文件-d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录-e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录-x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行3.rewrite模块基本语法：语法: rewrite regex replacement flag 作用域: server, location, if 这个指令根据表达式来更改URI，或者修改字符串。指令根据配置文件中的顺序来执行。 注意重写表达式只对相对路径有效。如果你想配对主机名，你应该使用if语句，如下： #rewrites http://www.mydomain.nl/foo = http://mydomain.nl/fooif ($host ~* www\.(.*)) { set $host_without_www $1; rewrite ^(.*)$ http://$host_without_www$1 permanent; # $1 contains /foo, not /foo}如果用于替换的字符串以 http:// 开头，则客户端被重定向，而且其他的rewrite指令将被终结以下是来自Nginx_Wiki对flags的解释：Flags can be any of the following:last - completes processing of rewrite directives, after which searches for corresponding URI and locationbreak - completes processing of rewrite directivesredirect - returns temporary redirect with code 302; it is used if the substituting line begins with http://permanent - returns permanent redirect with code 301对last和break的解释：Note that if an redirect is relative (has no host part), then when redirecting Nginx uses the Host headerif the header match name of server_name directive or the first name of server_name directive, if the headerdoes not match or is absent. If no server_name is set, then the local hostname is used. If you want Nginx toalways use the Host header, you can use a wildcard * server_name (but see the restrictions on doing so).示例:rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 last;rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra last;return 403;备注:But if we place these directives in location /download/, then it is necessary to replace flag last by break, otherwise nginx will hit the 10 cycle limit and return error 500: location /download/ { rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 break; rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra break; return 403;}If in the line of replacement arguments are indicated, then the rest of the request arguments are appended to them. To avoid having the