供应链管理考试复习资料最终版.doc

The supply chain not only includes the manufacturer and supplies, but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customers service. Within each organization, such as a manufacturer, the supply chain includes all functions involved in filling a customer request. These function include, but are not limited to, new product development,markering，operations，distribution finace，and customer service. 2．The main Transportation Modes: _Air_, _Package carriers__,Truck ，Rail，Water。 3、Bullwhip effect, in which fluctuations in orders increase as they move up the supply chain from retailers to wholesalers to manufacturers to suppliers. 4、Markets in the 21st Century have some crucial characteristics, as follows: Higher customer service, Lower delivery cycle, Larger breed variety, Lower product life cycle. 5、overstocking is inventory exceeds demand. 6、TL means full trackload 7、B2B means Business to Business 8、. Understocking is _ Demand exceeds amount available 9、.Demand forecasting methods Qualitative ,Time Series ,Causal ,Simulation 1.关于经济批量的各种数据：Optimal Lot Size (EOQ)（经济批量） Annual demand（年采购量） Order Cost （订购费用） Cost per unit/price（单件费用/价格） Holding cost per year as a fraction of product cost（年单件储存费用） Holding cost per unit per year（年单件储存费用率) Lot Size(批量） Reorder interval（订货间隔） 2.What is the main characteristics of forecasts?预测的特征： 答：1，预测总是有错误的，因此它包括对预测价值和误差的测量。 2，长期预测通常没有短期预测准确，也就是说相对于短期预测长期预测的误差标准范围更大。 3，综合预测比独立预测准确，因为综合预测相对于独立预测标准差小。 4，一般而言，公司供应链越大，它接受的信息会越失真。 3：When managers make decidions they must think of their environment the environments as follows？当经理们决定他们必须考虑他们的环境环境如下 答：Supply chain strategy or design（供应链战略与设计） Supply chain planning（供应链规划） Supply chain operation（供应链运作） 4.Systems thinking requires that companies and their employees understand their place in the larger chain therefore，the following must be addressed4。系统思维要求企业和员工了解自己的位置在较大的链，因此，以下的必须解决的问题 答：建立核心目标、系统边界界定、内部关系确定、信息要求确定、进行平衡分析、考虑系统约束 5.What is the factors influencing network design d