第二章 大气光传输.docxVIP

WhyOutdoorAdverse atmospheric conditions, as phenomena such as fog, rain, and snow affect the performance of wireless optical links to different degrees.weather parameters such as humidity, visibility, and temperatureatmosphere, aerosol, absorption, scattering, Atmosphere构成nitrogen (N2, 78 percent)oxygen (O2, 21 percent)argon (Ar, 1 percent), water (H2O, 0 to 7 percent) carbon dioxide (CO2, 0.01 to 0.1 percent)small particles: generated by combustion (燃烧), dust, debris(碎片), and soilH2O, CO2 : geographic location, altitude, and season大气分层热状态Exosphere: 700 km外大气层Thermosphere: 80 to 700 km热层Mesosphere: 50 to 80 km中间层Stratosphere: 12 to 50 km平流层Troposphere: 0 to 12 km对流层臭氧层：20~50km电离层：50kmAerosol悬浮颗粒Suspension (悬浮) of solid or liquid particles in a gaseous medium0.01 and 10 mmabsorb and scatter incoming lightParticle TypeConcentration(cm–3)Radius(mm)Raindrop10–3 –10–2102 –104Fog droplet10–1001–10Cloud droplet10–3001–10Haze particle10–103 10–2 –1Aitken nucleus102 –10410–3 –10–2Air molecule 101910–4Particle Radius (mm)Concentrationin Continental Regions陆地浓度Concentrationin Maritime Regions海上浓度001–0.0326800830.032–0.11–032–12921–3.2 0.940.473.2 0.290.029Attenuationabsorbed and/or scattered For the typical wavelengths employed by wireless IR links (850 nm, 1550 nm), the attenuation contribution from the atmosphere is relatively low compared to the attenuation contribution from weather conditions. clear atmospheric conditions: 0.2 dB/km urban regions (due to dust) : 10 dB/km heavy fog: 300 dB/km Absorptionconversion of the energy of a photon to internal energyAbsorption peakThe atmospheric absorption is wavelength dependent 吸收和波长有关Neither nitrogen nor oxygen, which are two of the most abundant, contribute to absorption in the infrared part of the spectrum.ScatteringDispersal into a range of directionsphysical interactions（物理作用）The scattered light is polarized, and of the same wavelength as the incident wavelength, which means that there is no lo