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Cisco 数据中心之 HSRP, vPC 以及 vPC Peer-Gateway 介绍
How HSRP Works Hot Standby Routing Protocol is a well-known feature of Cisco IOS.? The goal of HSRP is to provide a resilient default-gateway to hosts on a LAN.? This is accomplished by configuring two or more routers to share the same IP address and MAC address.? Hosts on the LAN are configured with a single default-gateway (either statically or via DHCP ). Upon sending its first packet to another subnet, the host ARP s for the MAC address of the default gateway.? It receives an ARP reply with the virtual MAC of the HSRP group.? The IP packet is encapsulated in an Ethernet frame with a destination MAC address of the default gateway.? If the primary router fails, HSRP keepalives are lost, and the standby HSRP router takes over the virtual IP address and MAC address.? The host does not need to know that anything has changed. In the diagram above, the user (10.1.1.100) is configured with a default-gateway of 10.1.1.1.? When the user sends its first packet to 10.5.5.5, it ARPs for 10.1.1.1.? In my example, Router A is the HSRP primary router, so it sends an ARP reply with the virtual MAC address of 0000.0c07.AC05.? The User PC then encapsulates the IP packet (destination IP=10.5.5.5) in an Ethernet frame with a destination MAC address of 0000.0c07.AC05.? Router A accepts the frame and routes the packet.The above paragraphs tell the story of packets coming from the HSRP-enabled LAN.? But what happens to reply packets coming from 10.5.5.5 to 10.1.1.100?? The answer is simple, and intuitive if you follow step-by-step.? First, the Server creates an IP packet with a destination of 10.1.1.100.? It encapsulates it in an Ethernet frame and forwards it to its default gateway (for this example, let’s say it is Router A).? Router A strips the Ethernet framing and determines the next hop is on the local subnet 10.1.1.0/24.? It encapsulates the packet in an Ethernet frame with a MAC address of 0021.6a98.1952.? The source MAC address is the physical MAC address of Router A (0024.F71
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