MODERN OPERATING SYSTEMS Third Edition ANDREW S TANENBAUM ：现代操作系统第三版的安得烈Tanenbaum.pptVIP

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MODERN OPERATING SYSTEMS Third Edition ANDREW S TANENBAUM ：现代操作系统第三版的安得烈Tanenbaum.ppt

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MODERN OPERATING SYSTEMS Third Edition ANDREW S TANENBAUM ：现代操作系统第三版的安得烈Tanenbaum

Backups to tape are generally made to handle one of two potential problems: Recover from disaster. Recover from stupidity. File System Backups (1) Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639 Figure 4-25. A file system to be dumped. Squares are directories, circles are files. Shaded items have been modified since last dump. Each directory and file is labeled by its i-node number. File System Backups (2) Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639 Figure 4-26. Bitmaps used by the logical dumping algorithm. File System Backups (3) Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639 Figure 4-27. File system states. (a) Consistent. (b) Missing block. (c) Duplicate block in free list. (d) Duplicate data block. File System Consistency Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639 Figure 4-28. The buffer cache data structures. Caching (1) Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639 Some blocks, such as i-node blocks, are rarely referenced two times within a short interval. Consider a modified LRU scheme, taking two factors into account: Is the block likely to be needed again soon? Is the block essential to the consistency of the file system? Caching (2) Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639 Figure 4-29. (a) I-nodes placed at the start of the disk. (b) Disk divided into cylinder groups, each with its own blocks and i-nodes. Reducing Disk Arm Motion Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639 Figure 4-30. The ISO 9660 directory entry. The ISO 9660 File System Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639 Ro