抗寄生虫药(Antiparasitedrugs)——方三华.ppt

Anti-parasite drugs Fang Sanhua Human parasite Protozoa （原虫）：孢子虫－疟原虫 鞭毛虫－阴道毛滴虫 叶足虫－阿米巴原虫 纤毛虫－结肠小袋纤毛虫 Helminth （蠕虫）：吸虫－血吸虫 绦虫－链状带绦虫 线虫－蛔虫、丝虫 Arthropod （节肢动物）：蛛形纲－蜱、螨 昆虫纲－蚊、蝇、虱  Antimalarial drugs 用于控制症状的抗疟药 Chloroquine （氯喹）、Quinine （奎宁）、 Mefloquine （甲氟喹）、Pyronaridine (咯萘啶)、Artemisinin (青蒿素) 、 Artemether and artesunate (蒿甲醚和青蒿琥酯) 用于控制复发和传播的抗疟药 Primaquine （伯氨喹） 用于病因性预防的抗疟药 Pyrimethamine （乙胺嘧啶）  Antiamebiasis drugs  Anti-bilharziasis filariasis Drug  Anthelmintic Drugs 驱(蠕)虫药 Clinical Manifestations Acute or chronic diarrhea, which may progress to dysentery. Extraintestinal disease may be present as a complication or as a primary problem (e.g., liver, lung or brain abscess, or skin or perianal infection). Antiamebiasis drugs -Amebiasis Antiamebiasis drugs - Metronidazole 甲硝唑 Pharmacological effects Antibiotic effective against anaerobic bacteria. Anti-giardia lamblia （贾第氏鞭毛虫）effect Anti-ameba effects （肠内、肠外） The treatment of all tissue infections with E histolytica 4. Anti-infusorian （滴虫）effects Mechanism of actions The methyl group of metronidazole is chemically reduced in anaerobic bacteria and sensitive protozoans. （原生动物） Reactive reduction products appear to be responsible for antimicrobial activity. Rapidly absorbed and has a bioavailability of approximately 90% Antiamebiasis drugs - Metronidazole Adverse effects Serious side effects of metronidazole are rare; and include seizures and damage of nerves resulting in numbness and tingling of extremities (peripheral neuropathy). Minor side effects include nausea, headaches, loss of appetite, a metallic taste, and rarely a rash. Antiamebiasis drugs - Metron