新版轮机英语unitmarinerefrigerationmanagementandfaultdiagnosis().ppt

Lesson 17 marine refrigeration management and fault diagnosis Refrigerated cargo(冷藏货船） vessels usually require a system which provides various spaces to be cooled to different temperatures. The arrangements adopted can be considered in three parts: ①the central primary refrigerating plant, ②the brine circulating system, and③ the air circulating system for cooling the cargo in the hold. A central refrigerating plant is shown in fig. 17-1. The refrigerant flow through the chiller（冷却器） splits into four circuits(回路）, each with its own expansion valve. The four circuits are used to control the amount of evaporator surface, depending on the degree of condenser loading at the time（即时负荷）, thus giving greater system flexibility. The large oil separators is a feature of screw compressor plants and the circuit for oil return is shown in the illustration. Each primary refrigerant circuit has its own evaporator within the brine chiller (as shown in fig. 17) which results in totally independent（独立的） gas systems. There will be probably（可能） be three such systems on a cargo or container ship installation. Since they are totally independent each system can be set to control the outlet brine at different temperatures. Each brine temperature is identified（识别，鉴别） by a color and will have its own circulating pump（循环泵）. The cold brine is supplied to the cargo space air cooler（空冷器） and the flow（流量） of this brine is controlled by the temperature of tile air leaving the cooler. The cooler in the cargo space is arranged for air circulation over it and then through the cargo before returning. An arrangement of fans and ducting direct the air to the cooler and below the cargo. The cargo is stacked（堆） on gratings（格栅） which allow the passage of cooled air up through the cargo. For small refrigerated cargo spaces or provision rooms（备件室） a direct expansion primary refrigerant system（直接膨胀制冷系统） may be used. The twin circuit arrangement for each cooler (evaporator) provides flexibility and duplic