《英语教学法》名词解释.docx

《英语教学法》名词解释P3Structural view(结构主义语言理论）The structural view of language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems: the sound system (phonology); the discrete units of meaning produced by sound combinations (morphology), and the system of combining units of meaning for communication (syntax).Functional view（功能主义语言理论）The functional view not only sees language as a linguistic system but alsoa means for doing things. In order to perform functions, learners need to know how to combine the grammatical rules and the vocabulary to express notions that perform the functions.Interactional view（交互语言理论） The interactional view considers language to be a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintainsocial relations between people.P5-6Behaviourist theory（行为主义理论）------Skinner The key point of the theory of conditioning is that＂you can train an animal to do anything( with reason) if you follow a certain procedure which has three major stages,stimulus, response, and reinforcement＂.Cognitive theory（认知理论）Chomsky thinks that language isnot a form of behaviour, it is an intricate rule-based system and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of this system. There are a finite number of grammatical rules in the system and with a knowledge of these an infinite number of sentences can be produced. A language learner acquires language competence which enables him to produce language.Constructivist theory (建构主义理论)-------John DeweyThe constructivist theory believes thatlearning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his/her own experiences and what he/she already knows.Socio-constructivist theory (社会建构主义理论)Vygotsky emphasises interaction and engagement with the target language in a social contextbased on the concept of “Zone of Proximal Development” (ZPD) and scaffolding.P18Linguistic competence（语言能力）----HedgeLinguistic competence is concerned with knowledge of the language itself, its form and meaning.Pragmatic co