雅思阅读真题题源-人文1.8 World of fun.docx

World of fun 娱乐世界Inventors and producers had tried from the very beginnings of moving pictures to marry the image with synchronous sound, but no practical method was devised until the late 1920s. Thus, for the first thirty years of their history, movies were more or less silent, although accompanied by live musicians and sometimes sound effects, and with dialogue and narration presented in intertitles.从电影最初开始的时候，发明者和生产商就尝试着把影像和同步声音相结合， 但是直到20世纪20年代后期才有人设计出切实可行的办法。因此，在最初30年的历 史中，电影差不多都是无声的，尽管有直播的音乐，有时候还有音响效果，以及显示在字幕上的对话和叙述。Paris stage magician Georges Melies began shooting and exhibiting films in 1896. His stock-in-trade became films of fantasy and the bizarre, including A Trip to the Moon (1902)，possibly the first movie to portray space travel. He pioneered many of the fundamental special effects techniques used in movies for most of the twentieth century, demonstrating that film had unprecedented power to distort visible reality rather than just faithfully recording it (Cook, 1990). He also led the way in making multi-scene narratives as long as fifteen minutes.巴黎舞台魔术师乔治?梅利耶斯在 1986年开始拍摄和推出影片。他的拿手好戏就是制作幻想奇异的电影，其中包括 《登月之旅》（1902),这部电影可能是第 一部描绘太空之旅的电影。他开创了20世纪大部分电影中使用的许多基本的特技效果技术，显示了电影具有空前的扭曲现实的能力，而不仅仅是忠实地记录它(库克， 1990)。他也开创了长达15分钟的多场景故事模式。Edwin S. Porter, Edison’s leading director in these years, pushed forward the sophistication of film editing in works like Life of an American Fireman and the first movie Western, The Great Train Robbery (both 1903). Porter arguably discovered that the basic unit of structure in a film is the shot, rather than the scene (the basic unit of structure in a play).埃德温*S.波特，爱迪生电影业的主要导演这些年推动了作品中影片剪辑的复杂化，像《美国消防员的生活》，以及第一 部西部电影《火车大劫案》（都是1903年拍摄的)。可以说是波特发现了电影结构中的基本单位是镜头，而不是场景(戏剧结构中的基本单位)。These helped establish the medium as more than a fad and encouraged the increase of nickelodeons, the first permanent movie theaters (“The oldest cinema in the world still in operation today is the Pionier Cinema which opened as the Helios on the September 1909