湖北师范生物专业英语课文翻译.docx

专业英语课文翻译Lesson oneInside the living cell: Structure and function of internal cell parts1.Cytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile factory细胞质：动态的，可移动的工厂Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm.生命的大部分物质都是细胞质的成分。Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane.细胞的大部分物质是由质膜包被的胶体物质组成。Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. 细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。2. The nucleus: information central细胞核：信息中心The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.)真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，在其染色体上携带有遗传物质（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。 The nucleus also contains one or two organelles—the nucleoli—that play a role in cell division. 细胞核也含有一或二个核仁，它在细胞分裂中发挥作用。A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm.穿孔的囊状（带核孔的）细胞核被膜将细胞核及其内容物与细胞质分开. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.小分子可以自由通过核膜，而象mRNA和核糖体等大分子必须通过核孔运输。3. Organelles: Specialized Work Units细胞器：专业化的工作车间 All eukaryotic cells contain most of the various kinds of organelles, and each organelle performs a specialized function in the cell.所有的真核细胞都含有多种细胞器，每个细胞器在细胞里都有其特定功能。 Organelles described in this section include ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi complex, vacuoles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and the plastids of plant cells.本节主要介绍核糖体，内质网，高尔基体系，液泡，溶酶体，线粒体和植物细胞中的质体。 The number of ribosomes within a cell may range from a few hundred to many thousands. 细胞里的核糖体的数量变化从几百到几千. This quantity reflects the fact that ribosomes are the sites at which amino acids are assembled into proteins for e