(大学物理II课件)Atomic Structure.ppt

* S.MORRIS 2006 HISTORY OF THE ATOM 460 BC Democritus develops the idea of atoms he pounded up materials in his pestle and mortar until he had reduced them to smaller and smaller particles which he called ATOMA (greek for indivisible) 1808 John Dalton suggested that all matter was made up of tiny spheres that were able to bounce around with perfect elasticity and called them ATOMS 1898 Joseph John Thompson found that atoms could sometimes eject a far smaller negative particle which he called an ELECTRON Thompson develops the idea that an atom was made up of electrons scattered unevenly within an elastic sphere surrounded by a soup of positive charge to balance the electrons charge Like plums surrounded by pudding. 1904 PLUM PUDDING MODEL 1910 Ernest Rutherford oversaw Geiger and Marsden carrying out his famous experiment. they fired Helium nuclei at a piece of gold foil which was only a few atoms thick. *