科技英语翻译 土方工程.doc

Earthwork 土方工程 Because earthmoving methods and costs change more quickly than those in any other branch of civil engineering, this is a field where there are real opportunities for the enthusiast. In 1935 most of the methods now in use for carrying and excavating earth with rubber-tyred equipment did not exist. Most earth was moved by narrow rail track, now relatively rare, and the main methods of excavation, with face shovel, backacter, or dragline or grab, though they are still widely used are only a few of the many current methods. To keep his knowledge of earthmoving equipment up to date an engineer must therefore spend tine studying modern machines. Generally the only reliable up-to-date information on excavators, loaders and transport is obtainable from the makers. 由于和土木工程中任何其他工程的施工方法与费用相比较，土方挖运的施工方法与费用的变化都要快得多，因此对于有事业心的人来说，土方工程可以是一个大有作为的领域。In 1935 most of the methods now in use for carrying and excavating earth with rubber-tyred equipment did not exist.在１９３５年，目前采用的利用轮胎式机械设备进行土方挖运的方法大多数还没有出现。Most earth was moved by narrow rail track, now relatively rare, and the main methods of excavation, with face shovel, backacter, or dragline or grab, though they are still widely used are only a few of the many current methods.那时大部分土方是采用窄轨铁路运输，这在目前来说是很少采用的。To keep his knowledge of earthmoving equipment up to date an engineer must therefore spend tine studying modern machines.当时主要的开挖方式是使用正铲、反铲、拉铲或抓斗等挖土机，尽管这些机械目前仍在广泛应用，但是它们只不过是目前所采用的许多方法中的一小部分。Generally the only reliable up-to-date information on excavators, loaders and transport is obtainable from the makers.因此，一个工程师为了使自己在土方挖运设备方面的知识跟得上时代发展，他应当花费一些时间去研究现代的机械。一般来说有关挖土机、装载机和运输机械的唯一可靠而又最新的资料可以从制造厂商处获得。 Earthworks or earthmoving means cutting into ground where its surface is too high ( cuts ), and dumping the earth in other places where the surface is too low ( fills). Toreduce earthwork costs, the volume of the fills should be equal to the volume of the cuts and wherever possible the cuts should be placednear to fills of equal