Grammar_5_介词.docx

介词介词的定义介词（preposition)又称前置词，是十分活跃的一个词类，可以与名词或名词性词语结合成介词短语，说明地点、方向、时间、原因、方法等，在句中主要起状语和定语的作用，也可以充当表语和补语，还可以充当主语和介词宾语。He stayed in his seat.An old farmer in the back row looked up towards the ceiling.The students are interested in the subject.上述第一句里的介词in 和is seat所构成的介词短语说明动词stayed的位置，第二句里的介词短语in the back row 限定名词an old farmer，第三句里的介词短语in the subject 表示are interested的范畴。介词的类型介词可分为简单介词和复合介词两类：简单介词（Simple Prepositions）凡是由一个单词组成的介词都称为简单介词，in, on, across, underneath等等。简单介词约有80个，其中包括一些由动词或形容词转化而成的介词，except, excepting, concerning, considering, following, including, granted, pending, less, like, near, save, unlike, worth等。复合介词（Complex Prepositions）凡是由两个或两个以上单词组成的介词都称为复合介词。根据它们的结构，复合介词可以细分为下列三种：A)副词+介词:along with, apart from, as for, as to, out of, together with, up to等。B)动词（形容词、连词等）+介词：except for, owing to, due to, but for, because of等。C)介词1+名词+介词2：by means of, in addition to, in comparison with, on account of, with regard to等等。介词的宾语介词短语是由介词与介词宾语组成的。介词宾语通常是名词或代词（宾格）；此外，还可以是副词、形容词、短语（包括介词短语、动名词短语、不定式短语）、复合结构或名词性从句。名词或代词做介词宾语副词做介词宾语形容词做介词宾语短语做介词宾语名词或代词做介词宾语We saw your friend at the meeting last night.I supposed that the old lady in the flat above ours was moving the furniture about.While we are waiting for her, lets have some coffee.*********NOTE*********A）介词之后的代词一般都要用宾格，但有时也用主格。例如，介词but（“除……以外”）之后的代词如果在意思上与句子的主语平行，则倾向于用主格，这时的but也可以看成是连词。All but he had fled (= All had fled, but he had not fled.)I saw nothing but him.Ｂ）在口语中，如果动词或介词之后接两个代词作宾语，那么第二个代词常用主格。He wont let my wife and I into the house.All debts are cleared between you and I.Ｃ）as, than, but, save 等连词有“准介词”之称，他们之后可接主格代词，也可接宾格代词。接主格代词时算是连词，接宾格代词时算是介词。One day you will be as old as I /me.You are a better player than he/him.副词做介词宾语I met him a year ago, since then I havent seen anything of him.Where does he come from?You should be out instead of in on such a fine day.*********NOTE*********当副词作介词宾语时，其作用相当于一个名词或代词。这类介词短语通常用来表示时间或地点。until now（到现在），since then（从那时以来），in there（在那里面），from here to there（从这里到那里），from abroad（从国外）等。形容词做介