book5unit4grammar 倒装.doc

Book5 Unit4 Making the news Grammar 倒装 在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后，但有时为了强调句子的某一成分或其他原因，谓语需要全部或部分移到主语的前面，这种语序就是倒装。 倒装有两种：全部倒装和部分倒装。在倒装语序中，若整个谓语都在主语之前，称之为全部倒装；若谓语的一部分（通常是助动词或情态动词）位于主语之前，则称为部分倒装。 全部倒装 规则说明 例句 在There be/appear/exist/stand/lie/go/come/seem 句型中，且主语是名词（主语是人称代词时句子不倒装） ①There exist different opinions on this question. (There goes the bell. 表示地点、时间、方向的副词here,there,now,then,in,out,away,down,up,off,next,over,back等位于句首，谓语动词多是表示位移的不及物动词如come,go,leave,move,run,fly,rush,jump等，且主语是名词（主语是人称代词时不倒装） ①Now comes your turn. ②Out rushed the students the moment the bell rang. (Up went the arrow into the air. ④Next comes Tom. 表示地点的介词短语作状语放在句首，且主语是名词（主语是人称代词时句子不倒装） In the house at the foot of the mountain lived an old man. 为了强调句子的表语，将做表语的形容词，现在分词，过去分词放在句首，句子结构为“表语+系动词+主语” ①Present at the party were all his friends. ②Sitting in the front of the room was a beautiful girl. 典例 John opened the door. There he had never seen before. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl 部分倒装 规则说明 例句 否定副词或表示否定意义的介词短语位于句首，如never,little,few, neither,nor,hardly,seldom,not,by no means, in no case, at no time等 ① Seldom does he go to the park. ②At no time does he do something against his will. not only--but (also)---连接两个分句，not only 位于句首，其后的分句要部分倒装。 Not only do I know her, but Im her good friend. not until 位于句首，主句要部分倒装。 Not until she saw the present did she feel happy. “Only +状语（副词，介词短语，从句”位于句首 Only in this way can you learn English well. 在hardly/scarcely---when---, no sooner---than---结构中 ，如果hardly部分或no sooner 部分位于句首，它所位于的句子要用部分倒装。时态用过去完成时。When和than 后面的句子要用一般过去时。 Hardly had I sat down when the telephone rang. 在so/such--that--结构中，so/such及其修饰部分位于句首，主句要部分倒装。 So fast did he run that none of us was his equal. as/though引导让步状语从句， 通常把状语、表语或动词原形提前，若提前的表语是单数可数名词时，需省略冠词。 Child as he is , he knows a lot. 省略if 的虚拟条件句，将had, were或should 移至主语前 Were I in your position, I would not go. 典例（2014.湖南高考）Only when you can find peace in your heart good rel