XX年成人英语三级测验虚拟语气用法总结[整理版].doc

2013年成人英语三级考试虚拟语气用法总结 在英文中表示虚拟的情况不但有虚词的提示，谓语动词也要相应的变化。 虚拟语气是 HYPERLINK /xueweiyingyukaoshi/ \o 英语三级 \t _blank 英语三级考试的必考知识点之一，也是体现英汉语言习惯区别的一个语法现象。在汉语里表示假设虚拟的情况常用一些虚词来表示，例如“假设”、“如果”等，而英文中表示虚拟的情况不但有虚词的提示，谓语动词也要相应的变化。 虚拟语气的基本作用是： (1)表达假设的情况与事实相反;(2)表达异想天开很难实现的愿望;(3)表达建议命令劝告等语气。本部分重点讲if引导的虚拟条件句，含蓄条件句、特殊结构中虚拟语气，及should+动词原形的用法。 1、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法 虚拟(条件)语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类： 假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式 与现在事实相反If+动词的过去式 (be用were而不用was)would(第一人称可用should)+动词原形 与过去事实相反If+had+过去分词would(第一人称可用should)+have+过去分词 与将来事实相反If+were to+动词原形或 If+should+动词原形would(第一人称可用should)+动词原形 下面我们列举今年的真题来强化记忆。 例1 Mary said to me，“Had I seen your bag，I ____ _ it to you.” A.will return B.must return C.could return D.would have returned 【答案】D(2004年4月45题) 例2 I would ask George to lend us the money if I ____ _ him. A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.came 【答案】C(1995年38题) 例3 If Bob ____ _ with us，he would have had a good time. A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.came 【答案】C(1995年59题) 1、省略if的虚拟形式 在虚拟条件句中，如谓语包含were，had，should等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。 例1 ____ the advice of his friends，he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. A.If he took B.If he should take C.Were he to take D.Had he taken 【答案】D(2004年4月32题) 例2 ___ ，I should ask them some questions. A.Should they come to us B.If they come to us C.Were they come to us D.Had they come to us 【答案】A(1997年30题) 例3 ____ ，you were busy，I would′t have bothered you with my questions. A.If I realized B.Had I realized C.Did I have realized that D.As I realized 【答案】B(1996年39题) 2、含蓄条件句 有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其他方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for引导。 例1 Without heat and sunlight，plants on the earth _____ well. A.would not grow B.will not grow C.had not grown D.would not be grown 【答案】A(2004年11月32题) 例2 But for my classmates′help，I ____ the work in time. A.did not finish B.could not finish C.will not finish D.would not have finished 【答案】A(2004年11月32题) 例3 But for the rain，we _____ a nice holiday. A.should have B.would have had C.would have D.will h