Exercise of moral agency 道德能动性的运用.docx

Exercise of moral agency 道德能动性的运用In areas of functioning involving achievement strivings and cultivation of competencies, the standards that are selected as a mark of adequacy are progressively raised as knowledge and skills are acquired and challenges are met.在功能领域包括努力完成和能力的培养，标准被选择像获得知识技能和面对挑战一样被足够先进地培养的标志一样。In the exercise of moral agency the internal standards that serve as the basis for regulating one’s conduct are more firmly established. 在道德能动性的实践中，像管理一个人的行为举止的基础一样的国内的标准更加坚实稳固地被提出。A complete theory of moral agency must link moral reasoning to moral action.一个完整的道德能动性理论必须将道德论证与道德行为联系在一起。This requires an agentic theory of morality rather than one confined mainly to cognitions about morality.这需要一个具有道德观特征的理论而不是一个主要局限于对道德观的认知的理论。An agentic theory specifies the mechanisms by which people come to live in accordance with moral standards.这个具有此特征的理论具体说明了一个人们依照道德标准来生活的机制。In social cognitive theory, moral reasoning is translated into actions through self-regulatory mechanisms rooted in moral standards and self- sanctions by which moral agency is exercised.在社会认知理论中，道德论证被解释成通过植根于道德标准的自我调节行动和被道德能动性实践过的自我制裁。After people adopt a standard of morality, their negative self-sanctions for actions that violate their personal standards, and their positive self-sanctions for conduct faithful to their moral standards serve as the regulatory influences.人们接受了一个道德观的标准后，他们消极的自我制裁活动侵犯了他们的个人标准，并且他们为了带领支持者接受他们的道德标准的积极的自我制裁活动像监管影响一样被提供。In the face of situational inducements to behave ininhumane ways, people can choose to behave otherwise by exerting self-influence. 面对诱因即将表现为残忍的方式的情形下，人们可以选择运用自我影响来表现另一方面。Self-sanctionskeep conduct in line with personal standards. 自我制裁持续和个人标准一起串联地传导。Thiscapacity for self-influence givesmeaning to moral agency.这种对自我影响的容纳能力赋予了道德能动性意义。The moral self is thus embedded in a broader socio-cognitive selftheory encompassingself-organizing, proactive, self-reflective and self-regulativemechanisms (Bandura, 1986, in press).道德自身因此陷入了一个较广泛的社会认知自身理论包括自我组织的、有前瞻性的、自我反思的和自动调节的机