汽车电力电子技术与发动机驱动手册-DK3023_05.pdfVIP

5 Optimal Power Management and Distribution in Automotive Systems Zheng John Shen Univeristy of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida X. Chen University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada A. Masrur U.S. Army TACOM, Warren, Michigan V. K. Garg Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan A. Soltis Opal-RT Technologies, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan 5.1 INTRODUCTION With the increase in electrical/electronic content in vehicles, the on-board electric power requirement is likely to increase from 1 kW to 5 kW for non-propulsion loads and to 100 kW or more for propulsion loads in the near future. This is based on the trend observed during the past decade, and this dramatic increase in power demand is mainly due to the emergence of various electric and hybrid drivetrains. However, other emerging automotive technologies for internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, such as variable engine valve, active suspension, x-by-wire (e.g., steering-by-wire and brake-by-wire), and heated cata- lytic converter, have also made considerable contributions to this trend. Table 5.1 lists the peak and average power requirements of various electrical loads that current or future automotive power systems are required to meet. As indicated, such a large amount of power makes the issue of appropriate power management and distribution a much more complicated and difficult matter compared to the management of the existing low-electrical-power vehicles. In a conventional ICE vehicle, electric power is simply managed through the control of alternator and voltage © 2005 by Taylor Francis Group, LLC Table 5.1 An Example of Automotive Electric Power Requirements Electric Loads Peak Power (kW) Average Power (kW) Electric vehicle hybrid electric vehicle propulsion 30–100 10–30 Fuel-cell electric vehicl