1-词性的种类、功能.docVIP

英语词性的种类及功能： 序号 中文名称 英文名称 缩写 词形特征 功能 例 1 名词 noun n. -er, -or -ism -ist -ment -tion -ness 主，宾，表， 定，补, 同位语 Jane bought a book. I am a bank clerk. We call him Jack. Jim, my friend is here. 2 动 词 不及物动词 intransitive verb vi. -ate -ify -ise/-ize 谓语 The moon rose. 及物动词 transitive verb vt. 谓语 Jane bougt a book 3 代词 pronoun pron. 主，宾， 表，定 I like him. It’s me. This is my room. 4 冠词 article art. 与名词搭配 This is the shop I mentioned. 5 副词 adverb adv. -ly 状 This pen writes smoothly. 6 形容词 adjective adj. -able/-ible -al -ful -ic -ive -less -ous 表， 定 I am very happy. It is a nice day. 7 连词 conjunction conj. 连接平行的词(组) I saw Tom and Jim the other day. 8 介词 preposition prep. 与名词、代词搭配 in front of, at home 9 数词 numeral num. 主， 宾， 表， 定 Twenty is enough. Ten students stay here. I’m nine. I read seven (books). 10 感叹词 interjection 表示强调、吃惊等 Oh, my God. ?一、句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 二、句子成分中词性的运用 （一）能作主语的词性：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： ?????? During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） ?????? We often speak English in class.（代词） ?????? One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） ?????? To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） ?????? Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） ?????? The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） ?????? When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） ?????? It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） （二）谓语动词：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，固只能用动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （三）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表