[医学保健]生 殖.pptVIP

生殖reproduction 厦门大学医学院生理教研室制作 第一节 男性生殖 一、睾丸的生精作用 二、睾丸的内分泌功能 三、睾丸功能的调节 第二节 女性生殖 一、卵巢的生卵作用 二、卵巢的内分泌机能 三、月经周期 四、卵巢功能的调节 五、妊 娠 小 结 1．本节重点是：雌、孕激素的生理功能 2．月经周期的形成原理，在月经过程中， 子宫内膜、卵巢功能、FSH、LH和雌、 孕激素发生了哪些变化？ 3．妊娠后，是如何来维持的？ Summary ?The purpose of reproduction is to produce offspring. The physiological processes of reproduction include fertilization, pregnancy and delivery. Reproduction is modulated by the neuroendocrine system of hypothalamus-adenohypophysis-gonadal axis. ????The testes must descend out of the abdomen to function properly. Spermatozoa are produced by mitosis, followed by meiosis, and then followed by spermatogenesis. The main hormones of spermatogenesis are LH, testosterone, and FSH, together with several auxillary hormones Summary ?The first half of the ovarian cycle involves follicular development, which is estrogen-dominated and is separated by a short ovulatory phase from the progesterone-dominated second half, or luteal phase, which prepares the uterus for implantation. All of a womans primary oocytes (2 million) are present at birth; no more are made afterwards. The ovarian cycle consists of one of the several follicles developing into a primary follicle, then Graafian follicle, then a corpus luteum under the influences of FSH and LH.  Summary Ovulation is triggered by a powerful surge of gonadotrophins. The ovarian cycle is shadowed by the menstrual cycle during which the uterine endometrium is firstly proliferative (due to estrogen) then secretory (due to estrogen and progesterone). Decline in progesterone and estrogen when the corpus luteum degenerates precipitates a menstruation. Summary Pregnancy is the period from conception to birth. After the egg is fertilized by a sperm and then implanted in the lining of the uterus, it develops into the placenta and embryo, and later into a fetus.Only 1 per 100,000 sperm of the 200~400 million contained in the 3~4 ml of the ejaculate deposited near the cervix, where capacitation