语言对比规律.pptVIP

语言对比规律 As you know, our native language Chinese is quite different from English. There is really a big gap between the characteristics of the two languages. In order to learn the translation course better, we have to study the comparison between the source language and the target language. Just because all the theories, methods, techniques concerning English-Chinese translation are based on the comparison, it is very important, so to say, to master the languages’ peculiarities. Different language families： English： Indo-European language family or Indo-Germanic system Chinese： Sino-Tibetan language family English： alphabetic character Chinese： ideographic character 语系，语族，语支，语种 印欧语系—英法俄印地波斯 48% 印欧语系也叫印度—日耳曼语系 汉藏语系 --- 汉藏泰缅甸 24% 汉藏语系的分布地区主要在中国、泰国、缅甸、不丹、锡金、 尼泊尔、印度、孟加拉、越南、老挝、柬埔寨等亚洲各地。此外，在世界其他各地也还有不少汉藏语系语言的使用者。中国是使用汉藏语系语言的人口最多，语种也最多的国家。到目前为止，已确定的语言有30多种，分属不同的语族、语支。其中汉语分布遍及全国各地，下分官话、吴、湘、赣、客家、粤、闽等七大方言。 English belongs to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family(印欧语系). Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family（汉藏语系）. It is well known that English has the richest vocabulary of any European language. On the basis of Angles’ language (Anglo-Saxon), English was built by absorbing words in various languages: E.g. Latin: Pen, pencil, cup, butter, silk French: pork, feast, sir, noble, Italian: piano, solo, studio, opera, umbrella, pilgrim, Spanish: cargo, cigarette, cigar, Greek: paper, alphabet, dialogue, comedy Chinese: tea, kowtow, toufu, Originally English had its gender, case, number, conjugation—these complicated changes. Because of the wide borrowings, English couldn’t keep the changes, case disappearing, gender being not so strict as some other languages, only subjective case and objective case remaining and only pronouns having the changes. As English absorbed foreign words only, without absorbing grammar rules, new words can only be formed by means of derivation, composition and con