笛卡尔的本体论之争.docVIP

笛卡尔的本体论之争 First published Mon Jun 18, 2001; substantive revision Sun Oct 15, 2006 首先周一公布2001年6月18日;实质性修改太阳2006年10月15日 Descartes ontological (or a priori ) argument is both one of the most fascinating and poorly understood aspects of his philosophy.笛卡尔的本体论（或先验 ）的论点，既是哲学的一个最迷人，他的理解方面的不足。 Fascination with the argument stems from the effort to prove Gods existence from simple but powerful premises.论据与魅力源于努力证明神的存在，从简单的处所，但功能强大。 Existence is derived immediately from the clear and distinct idea of a supremely perfect being.存在是产生立即从清晰和明确的想法是一个无比完美。 Ironically, the simplicity of the argument has also produced several misreadings, exacerbated in part by Descartes failure to formulate a single version.讽刺的是，简单的说法也产生了一些误读，加剧了部分由笛卡尔没有一套单一版本。 The main statement of the argument appears in the Fifth Meditation. This comes on the heels of an earlier causal argument for Gods existence in the Third Meditation, raising questions about the order and relation between these two distinct proofs.该声明的论点主要出现在第五沉思。这种说法因果来得早在接踵而至的一个神的存在，沉思在第三，不同的证据提出问题的两项之间的秩序和关系。 Descartes repeats the ontological argument in a few other central texts including the Principles of Philosophy .重复笛卡尔哲学原理 ，包括本体论争论的几个文本等中央。 He also defends it in the First, Second, and Fifth Replies against scathing objections by some of the leading intellectuals of his day.他还辩解首先由一些主要的知识分子，他在一天，严厉打击反对第二次回复，和第五。 Descartes was not the first philosopher to formulate an ontological argument.笛卡尔不是第一位哲学家，制订一个本体论的论点。 An earlier version of the argument had been vigorously defended by St. Anselm in the eleventh century, and then criticized by a monk named Gaunilo (Anselms contemporary) and later by St. Thomas Aquinas (though his remarks were directed against yet another version of the argument).一个早期版本的说法已大力安瑟伦辩护圣在11世纪，然后圣托马斯阿奎那批评由当代），后来被命名为Gaunilo和尚（安瑟伦（尽管他的言论是针对然而，另一个版本参数）。 Aquinas critique was regarded as so devastating that the ontological argument died out for several centuries.阿奎那的批评被视为如此具有破坏性，本体论的争论了数百年死亡。 It thus came as a surprise