药剂学实验-Preparation of emulsion base 乳膏剂基质.doc

Preparation of Emulsion Base Abstract Ointments are semi-solid preparations made of medicaments and suitable bases, which are intended for external application to the skin. In this experiment, W/O and O/W types of emulsion bases is prepared. The emulsion bases include water phase, oil phase and emulsifier. The general method of preparation is melting oil phase and dissolving water phase separately, then mix them completely at the temperature of 80℃, and stirring until the mixture cool to R.M. Key words ointments, emulsion base, dosage forms Introduction Ointments are semi-solid preparations made of medicaments and suitable bases, which are intended for external application to the skin. Ointments bases recognized for use as vehicles distinguished into three general classes: the oleaginous, the emulsion bases, and the water-soluble bases. An ointment is intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes. Ointments have a water number that defines the maximum amount of water that it can contain. They are used as emollients or for the application of active ingredients to the skin for protective, therapeutic, or prophylactic purposes and where a degree of occlusion is desired. Ointments are used topically on a variety of body surfaces. These include the skin and the mucous membranes of the eye (an eye ointment), chest, vulva, anus, and nose. An ointment may or may not be medicated. Ointments are usually very moisturizing, and good for dry skin. They have a low risk of sensitization due to having few ingredients beyond the base oil or fat, and low irritation risk. There is typically little variability between brands of generics and name brand drugs. They are often disliked by patients due to greasiness. [2] The vehicle of an ointment is known as the ointment base. The choice of a base depends upon the clinical indication for the ointment. The different types of ointment bases are: Hydrocarbon bases include hard paraffin, soft paraffin, microcrystalline wax