The Cardiovascular System Vessels Circulation【医疗课件】.pptVIP

CH 22: The Cardiovascular System:Vessels Circulation Describe the histological similarities and differences of the blood vessels Explain the pattern and names of the major arteries and veins of the pulmonary systemic circulations Describe the circulatory changes that occur at birth, and the ones occurring with exercise. 1 aorta 1 pulmonary trunk ~ 2.5 cm 10 bio capillaries (~ length 5,000 miles) ? Histology of Blood Vessels Tunica interna or intima (endothelium + c.t.) Tunica media (muscle + c.t.) Tunica externa or adventitia (thick layer of c.t.) Distinguishing Arteries from Veins: Artery walls thicker (more muscle and elastic fibers) Additional: internal external elastic membranes Artefacts when fixing slides: Arterial walls contract; endothelium cannot contract: pleated appearance Veins collapse elastic arteries muscular arteries arterioles Sinusoids Resemble fenestrated capillaries, yet irregular shapes have longer pores thinner (or no) basement membranes Blood movement very slow Found in the liver, heart, etc. sometimes called sinusoidal capillary. Capillary Bed = Capillary region supplying a body area Metarteriole – shunt - preferred channel through a capillary bed Precapillary sphincter - closes bed temporarily to redistribute blood flow Arteriovenous anastomosis: interconnections , alternative routes of supply Normal: From capillary bed into veins and back to heart 3 exceptions Hypophysis _________________ Liver _________________ In kidney nephrons Uneven Distribution of Blood Total blood volume: ? 65 -70% in veins (= blood reservoir) lumen is larger than in corresponding arteries 30-35% in heart, arteries and capillaries Why are valves found in veins but not in arteries? Do all veins have valves? Blood Vessel Pathologies Aneurysms Atherosclerosis = type of Arteriosclerosis) thickening and toughening of arterial walls Pathogenesis covered in Physiology Gross Anatomy of Circulatory System Pulmonary Circuit Circle of Will