习题 计算机网络(双语).doc

Terms Explanation LANs P16 LANS (Local area networks) are privately-owned networks within a single building or campus of up to a few kilometers in size. They are widely used to connect personal computers and workstations in company offices and factories to share resources and exchange information. LANs are restricted in size, which means that the worst-case transmission time is bounded and known in advance. LANs may use a transmission technology consisting of a cable to which all the machines are attached, like the telephone company party lines once used in rural areas. Various topologies are possible for broadcast LANs, such as bus-based and ring-based topology. Ethernet P17 IEEE 802.3, popularly called Ethernet, is a bus-based broadcast network with decentralized control, usually operating at 10 Mbps to 10Gbps. Computers on an Ethernet can transmit whenever they want to; if two or more packets collide, each computer just waits a random time and tries again later. The committee has standardized Ethernet (IEEE802.3), a token bus (802.4) and a token ring (802.5) as the LAN standards. Ethernet continues to develop. New version at 100Mbps, 1000Mbps and still higher have come out. Also the cabling has improved, and switching and other features have been added. ISO OSI Reference Model P37 ISO : International Standards Organization OSI : Open Systems Interconnection The model deals with connecting open systems—that is, systems that are open for communication with other systems. The OSI model has seven layers: the physical layer, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, application The model itself is not a network architecture because it doesn’t specify the exact services and protocols to be used in each layer. It just tells what each layer should do. ATM Reference Model P62 ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode This model consists of three layers, the physical, ATM, and AAL (ATM adaptation layers), plus whatever users want to put on top of that. The p