翻译技巧(整理).docVIP

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翻译技巧(整理)

Addition All empty souls trend to extreme opinion. 内心空虚的人极爱走极端。(语义性增词) A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money. 愚人会很快忘记说过的话,智者会很快放弃手里的钱。(结构性增词) Deletion Give him an inch and he’ll take an ell. 得寸进尺(省略人称代词) All I am, or can be, I owe to my angle mother. 我之所以,我之所能,都归功于我慈爱的母亲。(省略连词) Division Because the young man frequently came to the lady’s house,he was regarded as the mistree’s lover.这个小伙子经常来到太太的家。因此,别人都以为他是这女主人的情人。(拆分状语从句) Just then the fish gave a sudden lurch that pulled the old man down onto the bow.正在这当儿,那条大鱼突然把船扯得晃荡了一下,//老头给拖得倒向船头那边去了。(拆开定语从句) Combination It was April 1945.The Second World War was coming to an end. 1945年4月,第二次世界大战已接近尾声。(缩为状语) She went back to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill. 他回家去照料病重的丈夫。(缩为定语) Extension Instead,an assassin’s bullet erased in the minds of Americans any faults he had.  事实正好相反,一个刺客的暗杀行径反而使美国人忘却了他所有的毛病。(抽象化引申。bullet由“子弹”的本意引申为“暗杀行径”,一是考虑历史事实(即美国林肯总统遇刺身亡,这也是原文上下文提供的依据);二是译文的语义逻辑和表达习惯,因为我们几乎不可能说“……子弹使美国人忘却了他所有的毛病”。) Churchill,a bent Pickwick in blue uniform,looked up at him with majestie good humor… 邱吉尔身着蓝装,背有点驼,俨然一个好老头,抬头望着他(罗斯福),显得庄重而又亲切,…… (专有名词普通化引申。Pickwick原本时英国小说家狄更斯(Charles Dickens)笔下的老绅士,在赫尔曼?沃克(Herman Wouk)的《战争风云》这部小说里指邱吉尔,对于熟悉这个文学形象的译文读者来说,保留要比舍弃好,但如果对之一无所知,则需舍弃或加注解释,我们选择舍弃原文形象,对之做普通化引申,译成“好老头”,似乎更简洁明快些) Substitution Achievements have a dual character, and so have mistakes. 成绩有两重性,错误也有两重性。(分句性代替。用代替词来取代分句或分句的一部分,如用替代词so或not来取代充当宾语的that从句,用as来取代分句的一部分,等等。汉语也有替代的方式,但为了使表达正确,清楚,也常常重复其所代替的词语。) You should help him since you have promised to do so. 你答应了要帮助他就应当帮助他。(动词性替代。用动词的替代词来取代动词或动词短语。这类替代词主要有:代动词do, 复合代动词do so, do it, do that, do this , do the same 以及代替句型so+do+主语,so+主语+do,so+be+主语, so+主语+be, so+will+主语等。) Repetition Keep the general goal in sight while taking hold of the daily tasks. 大处着眼,小处着手。(对照) Garlic makes a man wink, drink and stink. 大蒜使人眨眼,喝水,口臭。(同音反复) Conversion of Word Classes Joseph beheld my style of cookery with growing indignation. 我这种烧饭的方式叫约瑟夫越看越冒火了。 把形容词growing译成表递进

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