中医英语第5课09级第3组.doc

The Theory of Visceral Manifestation 1. The phrase of visceral manifestation or zang xiang in Chinese first appeared in the Chapter of Six Sections of Discussion on Visceral Manifestation in Su Wen . “藏像”一词，首见于《内经》之《素问·六节藏象论》。 According to the explanation in some Chinese medical classics , “zang” refers to interior organs which are stored inside the body , and “xiang” refers to exterior manifestations of physiological functions and pathological changes of internal organs . 许多中医经典著作认为：‘藏’指藏于体内的脏腑组织器官；‘象’指内部器官表现于外的生理功能和病理变化。 In Lei Jing ( Canon of Classification ) compiled by Zhang Jingyue, for example , it was recorded that “ xiang means image ” . The viscera are stored inside the body and the image is manifested outwardly . For this reason , it is called “ visceral manifestation . That is why zang xiang is sometimes translated as “ viscera and their manifestations ” 故张景岳在《类经·藏象类》中说：“象，形象也，藏居于内，形现于外，故曰藏象，那也是为什么藏像有时候被译为“脏和形”。 . 2. The theory of visceral manifestation studies the physiological functions and pathological changes of viscera and their relations. 藏象，是研究内脏及其所属关系的生理功能和病理变化的学说。 It plays an important role in building the theoretical system of TCM and is significant for expounding the physiology of the human body and for guiding clinical practice. 它在建立中医理论体系中上演着重要的角色。同时，它对阐述人体生理病理以及指导临床实践有着重要意义。 3. Viscera, basis for the theory of visceral manifestation, is a collective term of internal organs which, according to their physiological functions , can be classified into three major categories the five zang-organs , including the heart , liver , spleen , lung and kidney ; the six fu-organs , including the gallbladder , stomach , small intestine , large intestine , bladder and triple energizer ; and the extraordinary fu-organs , including the brain , marrow , bone , vessel , gallbladder and uterus . 藏象学说以脏腑为基础。脏腑是人体内脏的总称，通过它们的生理功能，可以将它们分为五脏、六腑、奇恒之腑。五脏即心、肝、脾、肺、肾；六腑即胆、胃、小肠、大肠、膀胱、三焦；奇恒之腑，即脑、髓、骨、脉、胆、女子胞。 4. The common physiological fun