诺贝尔化学奖简介原文及翻译.doc

1. Phase-Switching Catalysis By simply adding or removing carbon dioxide, chemists in Scotland devised a neat trick for reversibly shuttling a homogeneous catalyst between the organic and aqueous phases in a biphasic solvent system (CEN, Jan. 26, page 11; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 1472). The phase-switchable catalyst designed by Simon L. Desset and David J. Cole-Hamilton of the University of St. Andrews adds flexibility to the often complicated techniques required to isolate products and recycle catalysts during homogeneous reactions. The secret to the switchability is a weakly basic amidine group, –N=C(CH3)N(CH3)2, that the researchers added to the phenyl rings of triphenylphosphine. The rhodium catalyst made with the modified phosphine ligand is soluble in organic solvent. On bubbling CO2 into an aqueous-organic reaction system containing the catalyst, the CO2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3). The transient acid protonates the amidine groups and renders the catalyst water-soluble. Subsequently bubbling N2 into the biphasic system drives off CO2 and shifts the equilibrium of the catalyst-carbonic acid complex, leading the catalyst to deprotonate and making it water-insoluble again. After a reaction is completed in either organic solvent or water, the researchers separate the product and catalyst into different phases, remove the product, and then shuttle the catalyst back into the original phase for the next reaction cycle. Building switchability into basic chemicals in this manner could facilitate greener and less-energy-intensive industrial chemical processes. 能够转相的催化反应 通过简单的添加或除去二氧化碳，苏格兰的科学家发明了一种在两相系统中来回转运匀相催化剂的灵巧的把戏。St. Andrews 大学的Simon L. Desset and David J. Cole-Hamilton 发明的这种可以转相的催化剂使得通常需要复杂的技术来分离产品和重复利用催化剂的均相反应的灵活性增强了。催化剂的这种转相的能力的秘密是科学家在三苯基膦脒–N=C(CH3)N(CH3)2。用这种修改过的配位体配位的催化剂铑可溶于有机溶剂。当往水-有机含有催化剂的两相反应体系中通入CO2时，二氧化碳就和水反应生成碳酸。碳酸电离的氢离子与脒Water On The Moon This year, space scientists were finally able to answer one of the biggest questions in