胡壮麟语言学教程课件Part4胡壮麟语言学教程课件Part4.pdfVIP

Chapter 2 Speech Sound 2.1 Speech Production and Perception 2.2 Speech Organs 2.3 Segments, Divergence and Phonetic Transcription 2.4 Consonants 2.5 Vowels 2.6 Co-articulation and Phonetic Transcription 2.7 Phonological Analysis 2.8 Phonemes and Allophones 2.9 Phonological Processes 2.10 Distinctive Features 2.11 Syllables 2.12 Stress 2.1 Speech Production and Perception Three main areas of the study of sounds: Articulatory Phonetics is the study of the production of speech sounds. Acoustic Phonetics is the study of the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech. Auditory Phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech sounds. 2.2 Speech Organs 2.3 Segments, Divergence and Phonetic Transcription 2.3.1 Segments and divergence 2.3.2 Phonetic Transcription International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) the International Phonetic Association , 1886, France. The idea of establishing a phonetic alphabet was first proposed by the Danish grammarian Otto Jespersen (1860-1943) in 1886. The present system of the IPA derives mainly from one developed in the 1920s by the British phonetician, Danial Jones(1881-1967), and his colleagues at the University of London. Vocal Cords 2.4 Consonants 2.4.1 Consonants Vowels The sound segments are grouped into consonants and vowels. Consonants are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity. A vowel is produced without obstruction so no turbulence or a total stopping of the air can be perceived. 2.4.2 Consonants Manners of Articulation Places of Articulation 2.4.3 Manners of Articulation 1) Stop (plosive): complete closure of the articulators involved so that the airstreams cannot escape through the mouth. Three phases in the production of