郑州大学 专业英语试题 10级.doc

环境工程、市政工程 专业2010级 研究生 专业英语 试卷 姓名： 专业 学号 分数 一．将以下简称用英文拼写完整（10×1.0， 共10分） COD SBR UASB MLVSS HRT POPs DO TSP CAST ABR 将下列中文词汇译成英文（40×1.0， 共40分） 污染物 浓度 下水道 冲击负荷 有机的 异养的 浓度 好氧细菌 预处理 机械曝气 微生物 絮状物 氯化物 水解作用 参数 酶 可生物降解的 抑制的 氧气 脱氮除磷 胶体的 初沉池 格栅 充水比 活性污泥 泥龄 曝气池 氧化沟 新陈代谢 人工湿地 硝酸盐 颗粒活性碳 富营养化 污泥处置 絮凝剂 厌氧消化 吸附 生物硝化 反渗透膜 排放标准 三 将下列段落翻译成中文（3×10.0， 共30分） 1. In aerobic processes (i.e. molecular oxygen is present), heterotrophic bacteria (those obtaining carbon from organic compounds) oxidize about one-third of the colloidal and dissolved organic matter to stable end products (CO2+H2O) and convert the remaining two-thirds into new microbial cells that can be removed from the wastewater by settling. Ever since the importance of wastewater treatment became recognized, municipalities and industries have relied almost exclusively on aerobic rather than anaerobic biological processes for treating their liquid organic wastes. Aerobic treatment has predominated because of its simplicity, stability, efficient and rapid conversion of organic contaminants to microbial cells, and relatively odor-free operation. 2 Wastewaters from industries include employees’ sanitary wastes, process wastes from manufacturing, wash waters, and relatively uncontaminated water from heating and cooling operations. The wastewaters from processing are the major concern. They vary widely with the type of industry. In some cases, pretreatment to remove certain contaminants or equalization to reduce hydraulic load may be mandatory before the wastewater can be accepted into the municipal system. In contrast with the relatively consistent characteristics of domestic sewage, industrial wastewaters often have quite different characteristics, even for similar industries. For this reason, extensive studies may be necessary to assess pretreatment requirements and the effect of the wastewater on biologi