托福培训丨托福阅读之小代词,大应用.doc

托福培训丨托福阅读之小代词，大应用 朗阁托福培训中心 王上 代词，往往是我们英语学习中最容易忽视的一类单词，因为它们本身并没有太多色彩，太多意义。但是代词的正确使用会让我们的英语表达更加地道，在英语写作方面，它们也让我们的句子结构更加紧凑。 在托福阅读中，指代题虽然题量不大，但是朗阁托福培训中心的专家们发现，除了指代题之外，事实信息题、句子插入题以及推断题的很多考点就是清楚地知道代词的指代。如果我们准确领悟代词的指代，很多题目都可以迎刃而解。 下面，朗阁托福培训中心的专家将从指代题、事实信息题和推断题入手，逐一分析代词指代的重要性。 一、指代题 例题1： Paragraph 3: At the upper timberline the trees begin to become twisted and deformed. This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys. This is because middle- and upper- latitude timberlines are strongly influenced by the duration and depth of the snow cover. As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there. In the tropics, the valleys appear to be more favorable because they are less prone to dry out, they have less frost, and they have deeper soils. The word they in the passage refers to ○valleys ○trees ○heights ○ridges 首先，在考察指代题时，代词“they”在题干中打上阴影，并且原文中代词“they”也打上了阴影，所以指代题不需要定位。 其次，在解答指代题时，我们只需要看两句话，一是代词所在的这句，二是前面一句。以这道题为例，我们这句话是由since引导的原因状语从句，主句的主语是trees, 然后trees所在的这句话又接了个even though引导的让步状语从句，而从句中的主语是代词，很明显它指代的就是主句中的主语，所以答案是“trees”。所以我们得出了一条规律：在主从复合句中，主语应该是一致的。 例题2： Paragraph 6: Workers were united in resenting the industrial system and their loss of status, but they were divided by ethnic and racial antagonisms, gender, conflicting religious perspectives, occupational differences, political party loyalties, and disagreements over tactics. For them, the factory and industrialism were not agents of opportunity but reminders of their loss of independence and a measure of control over their lives. As United States society became more specialized and differentiated, greater extremes of wealth began to appear. And as the new markets created fortunes for the few, the factory system lowered the wages of worker