副甲腺放射导引微创手术术中伽玛探头侦测的必要性.PPTVIP

ROBOT-ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY WITH ZEUS SYSTEM: PRELIMINARY RESULTS AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS Hurng-Sheng Wu Department of Surgery, Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C Difficulties of laparoscopic surgery Unstable camera platform Loss of degrees of freedom Two-dimentional imaging Poor ergonomics for the surgeon Decades of Changes in Surgical Education 1950 Operating room theaters 1960 Experimental surgery and motion picture films 1970 Industry-research laboratories 1980 Endoscopic surgery 1990 Laparoscopy 2000 Robotics Space Medicine ZEUS da Vinci Master-slav