第八章 预压载.docVIP

Section 8 Preloading（第8章预压载） 8.1 General（总则） A jack-up, with independent legs, is supported by the spud cans in contact with the soils of the seabed. In addition to the vertical gravity loads on the legs from the rig weight, the rig is exposed to horizontal forces due to the environmental forces of wind, waves, and current. These horizontal environmental forces cause overturning moments in the rig which give additional vertical forces on the leeward spud can. The additional vertical forces on the leeward spud can during a severe storm could cause additional penetration of the leg, resulting in tilting or overturning of the rig. Preloading is the operating procedure where the rig is loaded with water to simulate the maximum gravity loads and environmental loads which the rig may encounter. The stability of the spud can foundation during a severe storm is assured by preloading the foundations for a minimum specified time period, to a level exceeding the highest expected vertical load associated with the severe storm conditions. 独立桩腿自升式平台通过桩靴与海底泥面接触来支撑平台的总重量。桩腿除了在垂向上承受平台重量外，还要承受风、浪、流等环境载荷作用到平台上的水平方向力。这些环境水平力会对于处于下风的桩腿产生额外的垂向力，从而对平台产生的倾覆力矩。恶劣天气下，环境力给处于下风的桩腿施加的额外垂向力，会引起该桩腿穿透加大，导致平台倾斜乃至倾覆。预压载操作就是用压载水来模拟平台在作业过程中可能遭遇的环境载荷和重力载荷，桩靴底部在风暴情况下的稳定情况可以通过预压载，并保持一段设定的最少的时间来保证，预压载的模拟力要超过恶劣风暴所产生的垂向力。 8.1.1 Punch-Through（穿透） Punch-through is the term used to describe the rapid penetration of a leg into the seabed. Typically, the load-penetration resistance of the seabed soils increases as the depth of spud can penetration increases. However, in some soils there can exist a softer layer under a more consolidated or harder surface layer. When the spud can reaches this softer layer, it will penetrate rapidly until the soil resistance is again equal to the vertical load on the spud can. This change in soil penetration resistance is seen on the rig as having punched through a hard layer into a softer one. 穿透指的是桩腿快速穿越海底土层。通常随着入泥的增加，桩腿阻力越来越大，但有时土层情况是，一层较为坚硬的土层下部是一层软土。当桩靴到达这一层软土层厚，就会发生穿透现象，直到