《船舶安全管理》课件：第五章船舶安全与出入境管理.ppt

ChapterⅤ Safety Administration SOLAS 74/78 Convention Introduction and history Surviving disaster – The Titanic and SOLAS In 1914, two years after the Titanic disaster of 1912, in which 1,503 people lost their lives, maritime nations gathered in London adopted the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS Convention), taking into account lessons learned from the Titanic. SOLAS 74/78 Introduction and history Speed of navigation around ice The Commission into the Titanic ruled the loss was due to collision with an iceberg brought about by excessive speed at which she was being navigated. Under SOLAS, when ice is reported on or near his course the master of every ship at night is bound to proceed at a moderate speed or alter course. SOLAS 74/78 Introduction and history Public address system There was no public address system on the Titanic and news filtered to the passengers slowly, adding to the disorder and confusion. Under SOLAS, all passenger ships must be fitted with a public address system. SOLAS 74/78 Introduction and history Lifeboat design Some people died from hypothermia in the Titanic lifeboats because they were open and gave no protection against the cold. Under SOLAS, lifeboats must be fully or partially enclosed. On passenger ships, partially enclosed lifeboats can be used as they are easier to get into, but they must have a collapsible roof to fold across. SOLAS 74/78 Introduction and history Training of crew in lifeboat drill The crew of the Titanic lacked training in loading and lowering the lifeboats and few knew which boat they were assigned to. Lifeboats were not filled to capacity because senior officers did not know the boats had been tested and were strong enough. Under SOLAS, every crew member must participate in regular practice drills and have easy access to training manuals. SOLAS 74/78 Introduction and history Number of lifeboats The Titanic did not have enough lifeboats for all passengers. Under SOLAS, passenger