英语语言学名词解释总结.docVIP

Chapter 6 Semantics Semantics: it is generally defined as the study of inherence or intrinsic meaning, the meaning in isolation from the context. The naming theory:命名论 it is one of the oldest notions concerning meaning proposed by Plato, which holds the view that the relationship between linguistic forms and what they stand for is one of naming. Its defaults: firstly, the theory seems applicable to nouns only. Secondly, even within the category of nouns, there are nouns which denote things that do not exist in the real world at all or things that do not refer to physical objects, but abstract notions. Finally, some words may have different meanings in different contexts while the same reference may have different names such as “the morning star” and “the evening star” The conceptualist theory : 意念论C. K .Ogden Richard created the semantic triangle to show the indirect relationship between symbols and their supposed referents. Symbol: it refers to the linguistic elements such as word or sentence. Referent: it refers to the object in the world of experience. Context: it refers to what comes before and after a word, phrase, statement, etc. helping to fix the meaning; or refers to circumstances in which an event occurs. Contextualism : 情境论、语境论 John Firth Situational context: it refers to the particular spatiotemporal situation in which an utterance occurs, the main components of which include, apart from the place and time of the utterance, the speaker and the hearer, the actions they are performing at the time, the various objects and events exists in the situation. The linguistic context: sometimes known as context, it includes a word’s co-occurrence or collocation with another word, which forms part of the “meaning” of a word, and, also the part of text that precedes and follows a particular utterance. For example, the meaning of the word “paper” differs in the two collocations of “a piece of paper” and “a white paper”。Linguistic context also includes the part