语言学Chapter8.docVIP

Chapter 8 Language in Use I. Choose the best answer. (20%) 1. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _________ is considered. A. reference B. speech act C. practical usage D. context 2. A sentence is a _________ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation. A. pragmatic B. grammatical C. mental D. conceptual 3. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a (n) _________. A. constative B. directive C. utterance D. expressive 4. Which of the following is true? A. Utterances usually do not take the form of sentences. B. Some utterances cannot be restored to complete sentences. C. No utterances can take the form of sentences. D. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. 5. Speech act theory did not come into being until __________. A. in the late 50’s of the 20th century B. in the early 1950’s C. in the late 1960’s D. in the early 21st century 6. __________ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance. A. A locutionary act B. An illocutionary act C. A perlocutionary act D. A performative act 7. According to Searle, the illocutionary point of the representative is ______. A. to get the hearer to do something B. to commit the speaker to something’s being the case C. to commit the speaker to some future course of action D. to express the feelings or attitude towards an existing state of affairs 8. All the acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose, but they differ __________. A. in their illocutionary acts B. in their intentions expressed C. in their strength or force D. in their effect brought about 9. __________ is advanced by Paul Grice A. Cooperative Principle B. Politeness Principle C. The General Principle of Universal Grammar D. Adjacency Principle 10. When any of the maxims under the cooperative