有机种植业简介.doc

有机种植业简介 According to / in Equivalence with European Regulation (EEC) 2092/91, the US National Organic Program (NOP), JAS, and CERES standard interpretation根据、等价于欧盟条例2092、91，美国NOP，JAS以及CERES解释 1. What organic agriculture is:有机农业是什么： v Avoids synthetic pesticides and easily soluble mineral fertilizers避免合成杀虫剂和易溶矿质肥料 v Protects the environment and promotes biodiversity保护环境和促进生物多样性 v Produces healthy food生产健康食品 v Recycles nutrients养分循环 v Uses locally adapted methods.使用适合当地的方法 2. Soil fertility and plant nutrition:土壤肥力和植物营养 ü Soil fertility has to be conserved or improved应保持和改善土壤肥力 ü Soil erosion must be avoided必须避免土壤侵蚀 ü For annual crops, a wide crop rotation has to be used, including legumes to assure biologi-cal nitrogen fixation对于一年生作物，应使用广泛的作物轮作，包括保证生物固氮作用的豆类 ü For perennial crops, wherever possible, legumes have to planted in interrow spaces对于多年生作物，在可能的情况下，行间应种植豆类 ü Organic manuring should be used to maintain soil fertility:应使用有机肥俩保持土壤肥力 Allowed according to依据…允许 Type of manure肥料类型 EU regulation and JAS NOP From organic husbandry来源于有机养殖 yes only composted From extensive conventional husbandry来源于广泛的常规养殖 yes only composted From intensive conventional husbandry来源于密集的常规养殖 only composted只有堆肥 only composted From factory farming来源于工厂化的农场经营 no only composted ü Nitrogen fertilisers and superphosphate are not allowed, potassium chloride is allowed only by JAS不允许使用氮肥和过磷酸盐，只有JAS允许使用氯化钾 ü Rock phosphate, potassium sulphate, and single trace element fertilisers can be used, in case that soil or leaf analyses show deficiencies of the respective nutrient如果土壤和叶分析表明有养分缺陷的情况下，可以使用磷矿，硫酸钾和单个的微量元素肥料 ü Organic and inorganic fertilisation must not exceed crop requirements有机和非有机肥料必须不超过作物所需 ü Lime (caco3) can and should be applied, when necessary.当有必要的时候可以使用caco3。 3. Crop protection:作物保护 ü Synthetical herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides are not allowed不允许使