城市设计翻译.docxVIP

马润田 城市规划 20110202111本章节主要介绍了项目的评价内容及其方法，一是经济的考量，主要通过成本和效益分析等多个影响因子来衡量，二是环境影响评价，通过GIS等科学方法量化一定的评价指标，通过立法保证实施，并纳入公众参与保证其公正性。PROJECT EVALUATION6项目评价 6INTRODUCTION简介Moderate- to large-scale urban design projects are aimed at improving social, economic and infrastructure conditions rather than focusing on the single objective of physical urban renewal. For instance, projects aimed at regenerating inner cities are planned as a series of interrelated actions in which the increase of employment levels is interlinked with sustainable improvement in general. For this type of project the issue of methods and techniques needs to be considered from an economic and social perspective. There is the need to integrate the traditional urban design evaluation instruments with methods and techniques which can give an insight into the social, economic and environmental impacts the project is intended to produce.中大型城市设计项目，旨在改善社会，经济和基础设施条件，而不是专注于物理市区重建的单一目标。例如，意在再生内城市项目计划为一系列相互关联的动作，其中就业水平的增加是相互关联的，一般会持续改善。为了这种类型的项目需要从经济和社会的角度来考虑的方法和技术问题。还需要传统的城市设计评价手段与方法和技术，认识到对社会，经济和环境影响的项目的目的是生产集成。ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF URBAN DESIGN PROJECTS城市设计项目经济评价The most important technique used to carry out an economic evaluation of urban design projects is cost–benefit analysis. This assessment is necessary when there are several alternative proposals among which decision-makers have to choose or where they have to appraise the feasibility of one single project.用于开展城市设计项目经济评价的最重要的技术是成本效益分析。此评估必要的时候也需要其中的决策者不得不选择或者他们必须评估单个项目的几种可供选择方案的可行性。The overall objectives to be achieved through the project are the starting point of this assessment. As stated in Chapter 1 the goals of urban design are threefold: ‘to design and build urban developments which are both structurally and functionally sound while at the same time giving pleasure to those who see development’. These three main goals are guided by the main aim of sustainable development. These general principles are then to be tailored to the local situation. For the