教材3 Microsoft Word 文档.docVIP

118 track circuits use alternating current signals instead of D-C signals. In signal terminology, A-C track circuits are energized atpower (relatively low) frequencies, such as 60 Hz or 100Hz. These circuits arrangement are very similar to D-C track circuits arrangement, although A-C relays and reactors are used in A-C track circuits by transformers, batteries and resistors are utilized in D-C track circaits. High-frequency (also called audio-frequency) track circuits are a more updated development. These also utilize A-C energy, frequencies range from about 600 Hz to over i0 kHz, equipment for high-frequency circuits is largely electronic, and their characteristics differ substantially from that of D-C and A-C track circuits. On electrified railroads, the rails typically serve as return conductors for propulsion, which may be A-C or D-C. Track circuits on such roads must function in the presence of propulsion currents which can be hundreds of times greater than the track circuit current flowing in the same rail) D-C track circuit can not operate properly in this environment. This prevents from using the basic D-C track circuit because the substantial traction currents overwhelm the very small track signal currents. A-C track circuits and relays were developed essentially concurrently with the growth of electric propulsion. By utilizing induction affect associated with A-C, A-C track relays were immune to D-C propulsion. By using track circuit energy which frequency is different from that of A-C, A-C track circuits which operated reliably in the presence of the A-C propulsion were developed. A-C track circuits are also used in classification yards. In such applications the reason for using A-C may improve track shunting by using the high peak voltage of the A-C wave, or may be economical to use commercial power served as track energy source? A-C circuits are sometimes used in areas where conditions introduce stray currents which interfere with